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Activation, "Shrink" and the Price of Software

By Ed Foster, Section The Gripelog
Posted on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 12:40:46 AM PDT

Software publishers keep telling us that product activation actually is an effective method of fighting piracy. But, if that's true, one thoughtful reader would like an answer to a question: why isn't any of the money the publishers are presumably saving being passed on to customers in the form of lower prices?


"For the last five years I have operated my own business as a networking consultant, but many years ago I managed a grocery store for a large chain," the reader wrote me recently. "I mention this to let you know that I'm not totally clueless when it comes to operating a business. And one thing I have learned from my own experience and those of my clients is that almost everyone suffers from inventory loss. In the grocery store we called it 'shrink' and operated on a 7.5 percent basis for loss. In my own business it's closer to 1.5 percent. This results from stolen product by employees, shoplifting, customers not paying bills, piracy etc. Whatever the source, almost any decent accountant and every business owner knows of this problem, and about what it costs them."

Customers aren't always aware of it, the reader says, but they pay for the 'shrink' in the form of higher prices. "I know Microsoft and others have accountants at least as good as mine, so I'm quite sure that they have factored shrink in someplace," the reader wrote. "Microsoft has claimed that 30 percent of Windows installations are pirated copies that cost them millions, but in another breath they say that 'he reason software costs YOU the consumer so much is because of piracy. Since Microsoft isn't just being a nice guy and eating the cost of that 30 percent, we the consumers are. This applies to the RIAA and others (who employ DRM) as well."

And that leads to the reader's question."At what point does the price of software decrease?" he wonders. "If piracy were to stop tomorrow, how much would the price of Windows XP drop? Microsoft's claim in the beginning was that it wanted to reduce piracy. Fine, I applaud that, because I write software too and design more efficient communications networks that save my clients money. So I also want my intellectual property protected. But they seem to be talking out of both sides of their mouths with claims of losses in the millions AND higher prices. If the claims are that activation was introduced to eliminate or at least reduce piracy, and piracy results in higher prices to the consumer, shouldn't the reduction of pirated copies due to activation result in lower prices to the consumer?"

It's a good question. What do you suppose the answer is? Will activation and other forms of DRM ever lead to lower prices? If software publishers aren't actually making money because of activation, why are they doing it? Or is the real answer that activation isn't actually about fighting piracy, so we shouldn't expect it to make business sense on that basis at all? Post your comments below or write me at Foster@gripe2ed.com and let me know what you think.

< Shouldn't The CardSystems Victims Be Notified? | Backup Service Shell Game >


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Activation, "Shrink" and the Price of Software | 62 comments (62 topical) | Post A Comment
No incentive to lower the price[ Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#1)
by srynas on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 10:21:33 AM PDT

If a customer is "trained" to pay a certain price for software and the company can lower its costs, thereby generating a higher profit margin - there is no incentive for the company to lower the price a consumer pays. This is especially true if the product carries a degree of uniqueness. In the ideal situation, where companies are really competing, you may see a reduction in price based on lower production costs. By way of example, I bought a Beatles albumn, as a present, for $34. Based on 30+ years of sales and cost recovery that has to be pure profit for the "poor" record company.

[ Reply to This ]


yes[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#130)
by maderikapapa on Sat Jun 28, 2008 at 03:02:06 AM PDT

出会い出会い系サイト出会い喫茶出会い掲示板ナンパ出会いカフェ人妻出会い無 009;系サイト優良出会い系攻略 完全無料。アダルトビデオアダルト動画アダルトアニメアダルト画像アダル 488;サイト無料DVDアダルト風俗サンプル無料風俗優良アダルトサイト比較海 806;。人妻画像人妻パラダイス知合い人妻援護会人妻コレクション風 439;告白。熟女画像東京熟女掲示板動画熟女ビデオおまんこオナニーエロ画像エロフラッシュアニメ 456;ロ動画エロゲームエロ漫画無料エロサイト。エッチ画像エッチ動画エッチ小説写真エッチ 450;ニメエッチ0930。セックスアナルセックス画像セックス動画セックスフレンドスワッピングSEX写真セックスボランティセ 483;クス体位東京セックス仕方 SEX。おっぱい画像おっぱい村長おっぱい楽園掲示板お 387;ぱい命おっぱいゲーム。巨乳動画巨乳画像アイドル巨乳 522;示板風俗。セフレ募集セフレ掲示板セフレ画像掲示板セフレの作り方出会い無料素人セフレ。童貞狩りエロ漫画童貞狩り童貞喪失童貞オークション素人童貞逆援不倫パートナー不倫出会い人妻不倫不倫を楽しみたい方にはお薦め 154;妻画像など満載出会いサイトを楽しむならココ無料出会いで一緒に遊ぼう出会いはLOVEアゲインで決まり

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


the Price of Software[ Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#2)
by Anonymous User on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 10:37:40 AM PDT

Of course they will not lower the prices. Mainly due to their using the same one-way ratchet mechanisms on their price machines, you know, same ones the oil companies use on their gas pumps...

[ Reply to This ]


Gasoline always goes up?[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#26)
by Anonymous User on Wed Jun 29, 2005 at 02:27:48 PM PDT

It is true that the price of gasoline always goes up, NEVER down? No, it is not true...

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


up and down[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#27)
by Anonymous User on Wed Jun 29, 2005 at 04:04:26 PM PDT

Don't you notice how fast the gas prices go up when the market prices go up (just consider this 2 weeks), but very slowly down when the commodity market prices go down. So somewhere along the pipeline (pun unintended), somebody is holding the price as long as possible (most likely until some other guy lowers it).

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


Let's look at the data, shall we...[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#30)
by foxyshadis1 on Wed Jun 29, 2005 at 08:40:22 PM PDT

There are graphs online of oil vs CPI, and overall it's gone wildly up and down in the last, say, 40 years. Here, I'll try to find one.

http://www.zealllc.com/graphs/ZealG8.gif

(Yes, CPI is a rather bad measure of inflation, no matter how often it's quoted, but I'm not going to search for oil vs. a dozen other inflation models.) Oil varies wildly way up and way down every few years, both absolute and vs. CPI, it's only if it continues up and stays there for a few years that it'll start to really deviate from the norm.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]



Off topic but ...[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#36)
by Anonymous User on Tue Jul 05, 2005 at 06:23:28 AM PDT

Anybody know why the cost of gas (a refined oil product) goes UP immediately when the spot price of a barrel of oil goes up? The price of gas does not (seem to) go DOWN immediately when the spot price of oil goes down. The explanation for not going down is usually along the lines of "well, that gas is made from oil we purchased last month [quarter/yr] so it is higher". Seems like someone is making extra. <grin> ALso, how come it was only one airline company had sense enough to buy fuel on a fixed price contract? Don't oil refineries do this? Which would delay the impact of spot oil prices.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


Arbitrage[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#39)
by LasVegan on Wed Jul 06, 2005 at 05:18:11 PM PDT

Ok, they have oil in their tanks that was $40/barrel. Something happens, oil is now $50/barrel. What happens if they continue to sell it for $40? Some arbitrage trader comes along and buys it, keeps it for a little bit until the market catches up and then sells it for $50, pocketing $10 - handling costs. Thus whether or not they raise the price the price will rise. Therefore there's no reason for them not to raise the price.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


You didn't respond to his question[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#40)
by ekuns on Thu Jul 07, 2005 at 12:21:22 PM PDT

If the price of crude oil goes up -- a raw material -- one would naively expect that the prices of items made from that material would not go up immediately. If it takes four months for a barrel of crude to go from the ground to processed gasoline, then one would expect that the price of gasoline would lag the price of crude by four months both up and down. That is not what happens.



[ Parent | Reply to This ]


I did answer it[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#41)
by LasVegan on Thu Jul 07, 2005 at 04:19:12 PM PDT

The same reasoning applies to items made from the oil as applies to the oil. If you know the price is going up soon, buy up a bunch and then sell them when it has gone up. The end result is the price goes up whether or not the supplier raises it.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


yes[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#124)
by maderikapapa on Fri Jun 27, 2008 at 10:20:12 PM PDT

出会い出会い系サイト出会い喫茶出会い掲示板ナンパ出会いカフェ人妻出会い無 009;系サイト優良出会い系攻略 完全無料。アダルトビデオアダルト動画アダルトアニメアダルト画像アダル 488;サイト無料DVDアダルト風俗サンプル無料風俗優良アダルトサイト比較海 806;。人妻画像人妻パラダイス知合い人妻援護会人妻コレクション風 439;告白。熟女画像東京熟女掲示板動画熟女ビデオおまんこオナニーエロ画像エロフラッシュアニメ 456;ロ動画エロゲームエロ漫画無料エロサイト。エッチ画像エッチ動画エッチ小説写真エッチ 450;ニメエッチ0930。セックスアナルセックス画像セックス動画セックスフレンドスワッピングSEX写真セックスボランティセ 483;クス体位東京セックス仕方 SEX。おっぱい画像おっぱい村長おっぱい楽園掲示板お 387;ぱい命おっぱいゲーム。巨乳動画巨乳画像アイドル巨乳 522;示板風俗。セフレ募集セフレ掲示板セフレ画像掲示板セフレの作り方出会い無料素人セフレ。童貞狩りエロ漫画童貞狩り童貞喪失童貞オークション素人童貞逆援不倫パートナー不倫出会い人妻不倫不倫を楽しみたい方にはお薦め 154;妻画像など満載出会いサイトを楽しむならココ無料出会いで一緒に遊ぼう出会いはLOVEアゲインで決まり

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


Not a thoughtful question[ Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#3)
by dmittleman on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 10:39:54 AM PDT

>one thoughtful reader would like an answer to a question: why isn't any of the money the
>publishers are presumably saving being passed on to customers in the form of lower prices?

This isn't really a thoughtful question, at least not how it is worded.

It presumes that either there are no real savings or that those savings are not being passed along to the consumer. But there is not data presented here - or anywhere else that I have seen - to suggest this to be the case.

How do we know that the software we purchase for $300 wouldn't be $350 or $400 without activation? How do we know the software we purchase for $20,000 wouldn't be $25,000 without activation?

[ Reply to This ]



A company always acts in its own best interests.[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#5)
by richard233 on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 11:00:35 AM PDT

Prices are set by companies in the way that they
think will generate them the maximum profit and
nothing else.

Observe:  
  A country's population can't or won't pay MS's
price for the standard OS, MS releases a version
that is "cut-down" for much less.

  A company is genuinely planning to switch to
open source, and magically MS manages to lower
the costs of the contracts to keep the customer
on the "upgrade path".

  It's really simple.   If their total profit
rises, a company will lower the software cost
so as to capture that money.   In some cases
they will lower their prices in the hopes of
starving out any competition so as to maintain
future revenue sources.  When a company is
controlled by someone who is in it for the long
term, short term profits don't have to come first.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]



yes[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#122)
by maderikapapa on Fri Jun 27, 2008 at 10:19:15 PM PDT

出会い出会い系サイト出会い喫茶出会い掲示板ナンパ出会いカフェ人妻出会い無 009;系サイト優良出会い系攻略 完全無料。アダルトビデオアダルト動画アダルトアニメアダルト画像アダル 488;サイト無料DVDアダルト風俗サンプル無料風俗優良アダルトサイト比較海 806;。人妻画像人妻パラダイス知合い人妻援護会人妻コレクション風 439;告白。熟女画像東京熟女掲示板動画熟女ビデオおまんこオナニーエロ画像エロフラッシュアニメ 456;ロ動画エロゲームエロ漫画無料エロサイト。エッチ画像エッチ動画エッチ小説写真エッチ 450;ニメエッチ0930。セックスアナルセックス画像セックス動画セックスフレンドスワッピングSEX写真セックスボランティセ 483;クス体位東京セックス仕方 SEX。おっぱい画像おっぱい村長おっぱい楽園掲示板お 387;ぱい命おっぱいゲーム。巨乳動画巨乳画像アイドル巨乳 522;示板風俗。セフレ募集セフレ掲示板セフレ画像掲示板セフレの作り方出会い無料素人セフレ。童貞狩りエロ漫画童貞狩り童貞喪失童貞オークション素人童貞逆援不倫パートナー不倫出会い人妻不倫不倫を楽しみたい方にはお薦め 154;妻画像など満載出会いサイトを楽しむならココ無料出会いで一緒に遊ぼう出会いはLOVEアゲインで決まり

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


before and after[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#28)
by Anonymous User on Wed Jun 29, 2005 at 04:07:12 PM PDT

what the article was saying was that there is a current price without activition. So with activation, there must be savings, right? So where did that savings go to? No the customers. The price before activition/drm is the price that they have been selling before all that come in. The price after they started activation is STILL the same, maybe, even higher.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


yes[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#125)
by maderikapapa on Fri Jun 27, 2008 at 10:20:18 PM PDT

出会い出会い系サイト出会い喫茶出会い掲示板ナンパ出会いカフェ人妻出会い無 009;系サイト優良出会い系攻略 完全無料。アダルトビデオアダルト動画アダルトアニメアダルト画像アダル 488;サイト無料DVDアダルト風俗サンプル無料風俗優良アダルトサイト比較海 806;。人妻画像人妻パラダイス知合い人妻援護会人妻コレクション風 439;告白。熟女画像東京熟女掲示板動画熟女ビデオおまんこオナニーエロ画像エロフラッシュアニメ 456;ロ動画エロゲームエロ漫画無料エロサイト。エッチ画像エッチ動画エッチ小説写真エッチ 450;ニメエッチ0930。セックスアナルセックス画像セックス動画セックスフレンドスワッピングSEX写真セックスボランティセ 483;クス体位東京セックス仕方 SEX。おっぱい画像おっぱい村長おっぱい楽園掲示板お 387;ぱい命おっぱいゲーム。巨乳動画巨乳画像アイドル巨乳 522;示板風俗。セフレ募集セフレ掲示板セフレ画像掲示板セフレの作り方出会い無料素人セフレ。童貞狩りエロ漫画童貞狩り童貞喪失童貞オークション素人童貞逆援不倫パートナー不倫出会い人妻不倫不倫を楽しみたい方にはお薦め 154;妻画像など満載出会いサイトを楽しむならココ無料出会いで一緒に遊ぼう出会いはLOVEアゲインで決まり

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


yes[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#119)
by maderikapapa on Fri Jun 27, 2008 at 08:53:58 PM PDT

出会い出会い系サイト出会い喫茶出会い掲示板ナンパ出会いカフェ人妻出会い無 009;系サイト優良出会い系攻略 完全無料。アダルトビデオアダルト動画アダルトアニメアダルト画像アダル 488;サイト無料DVDアダルト風俗サンプル無料風俗優良アダルトサイト比較海 806;。人妻画像人妻パラダイス知合い人妻援護会人妻コレクション風 439;告白。熟女画像東京熟女掲示板動画熟女ビデオおまんこオナニーエロ画像エロフラッシュアニメ 456;ロ動画エロゲームエロ漫画無料エロサイト。エッチ画像エッチ動画エッチ小説写真エッチ 450;ニメエッチ0930。セックスアナルセックス画像セックス動画セックスフレンドスワッピングSEX写真セックスボランティセ 483;クス体位東京セックス仕方 SEX。おっぱい画像おっぱい村長おっぱい楽園掲示板お 387;ぱい命おっぱいゲーム。巨乳動画巨乳画像アイドル巨乳 522;示板風俗。セフレ募集セフレ掲示板セフレ画像掲示板セフレの作り方出会い無料素人セフレ。童貞狩りエロ漫画童貞狩り童貞喪失童貞オークション素人童貞逆援不倫パートナー不倫出会い人妻不倫不倫を楽しみたい方にはお薦め 154;妻画像など満載出会いサイトを楽しむならココ無料出会いで一緒に遊ぼう出会いはLOVEアゲインで決まり

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


I dunno[ Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#4)
by Anonymous User on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 10:54:02 AM PDT

As for the hypothetical question of the disappearance of shrinkage, I'd say that if the problem didn't exist, vendors would probably have to invent it.

[ Reply to This ]


The "disappearance of shrinkage"...[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#13)
by Anonymous User on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 02:30:45 PM PDT

Is the "disappearance of shrinkage" like if George Costanza had been out of the pool for a few hours???

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


Price will never go down[ Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#6)
by Anonymous User on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 11:09:54 AM PDT

Anyone who thinks that prices will ever go down is naive. If my cost of doing business goes down, you can be darned sure that the extra money is going to me, and not to my customers! As long as the price point stays in the expected neighborhood, customers will continue to buy. I guess one benefit to the customer might be that if profit goes up, price increases could likely be delayed, so everyone wins in the end.

[ Reply to This ]


You will get problems[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#38)
by Jarulf on Wed Jul 06, 2005 at 03:14:20 AM PDT

>If my cost of doing business goes down, you can
>be darned sure that the extra money is going to
>me, and not to my customers!

And that is why your customers leave you to shop at your competitor, who instead lowered the prices...

[ Parent | Reply to This ]



prices will never go down[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#42)
by Anonymous User on Thu Aug 25, 2005 at 04:53:34 PM PDT

Why do you remind me of a rabid dog that needs to be put down?

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


Activation does not equal price cuts...[ Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#7)
by Anonymous User on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 11:20:05 AM PDT

Any savings MS or any other company can gain by effective activation will surely save a company money by cutting back piracy. Those savings, though, will never be passed on to the customer since the lack of change in price can be easily explained away by the added cost of the activation process and subsequent data management.

I doubt that activation has really impacted the number of pirated copies of XP or any other products, but is only another form of data mining - intending to push more products and upgrades on to a documented installed base. Piracy is one of things that can only be guessed at since the piraters don't register or report their actions. MS and other companies that claim a certain percentage of pirated software can never be accurate, and the customers are left with the prices set at what the market will bear.

The problem with piracy is not going to change as long as individuals believe they are not obligated to another person for that person's efforts. It is a moral issue... not one that will change in this world. It is always explained that it is OK to pirate someone else's product, but those same people who practice it would throw a fit if their boss decided to keep a percentage of their paycheck just because he thought he could get away with it.

[ Reply to This ]



Activation is about profit, not cost[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#33)
by Anonymous User on Sat Jul 02, 2005 at 02:36:41 PM PDT

Actually, I think the question is backwards.

First of all, software piracy does not "cost" a company anything. It results in fewer sales and therefore less profit, but not higher costs. (Stealing legal copies costs the company money, but that's not what we are discussing.) This is not a cost, but is opportunity lost.

Increasing the number of legally licenced copies increases revenue, but does not increase the cost to the company to maintain the software (other than the dollar or 2 to produce the packaging).

Piracy reduction, therefore, is a pretty direct flow from the consumer to the company's bottom line. It's good for the stockholder, but not the consumer.

Please note that I do not advocate piracy, and all the software I run is legally licensed. I just don't want the discussion to be completely spun toward "the company is being hurt." It's not, not really.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]



Activation is mostly about profit, not cost[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#35)
by ekuns on Mon Jul 04, 2005 at 05:41:26 PM PDT

Piracy does cause a direct support cost to some companies, but not to all. I agree with most of what you said. I just wanted to add that for companies with mass market software, if 30% of the product in use is not legally licensed then probably 30% of their support demands are not based on revenue. From the cost of staff to handle phone calls to the cost of servers and bandwidth, that is a real cost. By the same token, if 100% of the people calling or webbing for support are legally licensed, then the company's cost to provide that support is based on revenue from sales.

One could point out that the companies implementing DRM and activiation fit into that category, but also seem to be the companies that are doing many other things that are overtly anti-consumer, so their motivation in implementing DRM and activation is to be questioned. Smaller companies are probably more harmed (in business terms) by piracy than larger companies, but fewer small companies can afford to devote staff to activation or DRM or other full-time projects that require software staff for something that generates no revenue directly.

Thus, I agree that activation and DRM -- as they are implemented today in the real world -- have little to do with piracy, little to do with preventing a company from getting hurt, but a lot to do with trying to raise revenue. (How much longer will Microsoft allow activation of WinXP? Once they stop, that's it for anything that requires XP.)



[ Parent | Reply to This ]


Self-fulfilling prophecy?[ Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#8)
by Anonymous User on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 11:59:34 AM PDT

It seems to me that this whole argument is on part of a self-fulfilling prophecy. It may sound counter-intuitive, but I'll state it as is: when you treat your customers like theives, you erode any disincitives to being one. Vendors lock down their products to meet a perceived problem of piracy, customers see these measures as unreasonable and refuse to support them monetarily, which makes piracy the more attractive, more "moral" solution when the program is necessary.

Personally, when I see a product laden with product keys, DRM, "required" updating, activation, and the like, it seems all the more appearant that this product was made for the sole purpose of making as much profit for the company as possible; any function it provides me is incidental. It also suggests to me that a mentality of "well, I've already got your money/signature" is the rule at customer service. With the type of control DRM and the like provide, such an attitude becomes very easy to adopt. All in all, it suggests that they would go as far as to demand partial control over my computer (e.g. Install services, remove programs it doesn't like) to ensure they get "their fair share.

If I don't need a product, such "features" make it simple for me to forgo it; if something necessitates my use of the product, and I am forced to accept these conditons to do any work, I see little reason to further reward the vendor and respect their rights.



[ Reply to This ]


yes[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#126)
by maderikapapa on Fri Jun 27, 2008 at 10:20:36 PM PDT

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I must be doing something wrong[ Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#9)
by talmy on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 12:27:14 PM PDT

I sell a CD based textbook with software (no physical book) aimed at the electrical engineering college market. Needless to say, piracy is a major problem -- runs about 80%! So I have been striking deals with colleges that they get over 80% off if they bundle the CD (which they can now copy and distribute themselves) as a lab fee, forcing all students to pay for what they use. It's a win-win situation for everyone -- the school, students, me. The only losers are those who would steal the contents in the first place.

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distribution system is the solution[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#43)
by Anonymous User on Wed May 10, 2006 at 04:34:05 AM PDT

A cost effective distribution system is the solution you've discovered. Note. Microsoft Word became the default NOT because MS had effective antipiracy solutions, but because the publishing industry latched on to and SHARED the best solution available at the time (back when MS WORD was simple and cleanly coded on the MAC. Funny thing is that significant numbers of individuals and businesses (though not all) choose to buy and own the rights to use a (reliable) copy of the software. Similarly Freeware and Shareware both generate income for authors based not on how good the marketing machine is but on how widely the market shares the software and finds it useful and profitable to own.

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yes[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#129)
by maderikapapa on Sat Jun 28, 2008 at 12:44:42 AM PDT

出会い出会い系サイト出会い喫茶出会い掲示板ナンパ出会いカフェ人妻出会い無 009;系サイト優良出会い系攻略 完全無料。アダルトビデオアダルト動画アダルトアニメアダルト画像アダル 488;サイト無料DVDアダルト風俗サンプル無料風俗優良アダルトサイト比較海 806;。人妻画像人妻パラダイス知合い人妻援護会人妻コレクション風 439;告白。熟女画像東京熟女掲示板動画熟女ビデオおまんこオナニーエロ画像エロフラッシュアニメ 456;ロ動画エロゲームエロ漫画無料エロサイト。エッチ画像エッチ動画エッチ小説写真エッチ 450;ニメエッチ0930。セックスアナルセックス画像セックス動画セックスフレンドスワッピングSEX写真セックスボランティセ 483;クス体位東京セックス仕方 SEX。おっぱい画像おっぱい村長おっぱい楽園掲示板お 387;ぱい命おっぱいゲーム。巨乳動画巨乳画像アイドル巨乳 522;示板風俗。セフレ募集セフレ掲示板セフレ画像掲示板セフレの作り方出会い無料素人セフレ。童貞狩りエロ漫画童貞狩り童貞喪失童貞オークション素人童貞逆援不倫パートナー不倫出会い人妻不倫不倫を楽しみたい方にはお薦め 154;妻画像など満載出会いサイトを楽しむならココ無料出会いで一緒に遊ぼう出会いはLOVEアゲインで決まり

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yes[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#121)
by maderikapapa on Fri Jun 27, 2008 at 09:21:59 PM PDT

出会い出会い系サイト出会い喫茶出会い掲示板ナンパ出会いカフェ人妻出会い無 009;系サイト優良出会い系攻略 完全無料。アダルトビデオアダルト動画アダルトアニメアダルト画像アダル 488;サイト無料DVDアダルト風俗サンプル無料風俗優良アダルトサイト比較海 806;。人妻画像人妻パラダイス知合い人妻援護会人妻コレクション風 439;告白。熟女画像東京熟女掲示板動画熟女ビデオおまんこオナニーエロ画像エロフラッシュアニメ 456;ロ動画エロゲームエロ漫画無料エロサイト。エッチ画像エッチ動画エッチ小説写真エッチ 450;ニメエッチ0930。セックスアナルセックス画像セックス動画セックスフレンドスワッピングSEX写真セックスボランティセ 483;クス体位東京セックス仕方 SEX。おっぱい画像おっぱい村長おっぱい楽園掲示板お 387;ぱい命おっぱいゲーム。巨乳動画巨乳画像アイドル巨乳 522;示板風俗。セフレ募集セフレ掲示板セフレ画像掲示板セフレの作り方出会い無料素人セフレ。童貞狩りエロ漫画童貞狩り童貞喪失童貞オークション素人童貞逆援不倫パートナー不倫出会い人妻不倫不倫を楽しみたい方にはお薦め 154;妻画像など満載出会いサイトを楽しむならココ無料出会いで一緒に遊ぼう出会いはLOVEアゲインで決まり

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Vacuous premise[ Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#10)
by Anonymous User on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 01:30:36 PM PDT

Businesses *lowering* prices? Elementary economics holds that business is in a constant search for ways to increase profit by *raising* prices (or lowering costs). The premise that a business would lower prices in the absence of any extremely urgent need is just... vacuous!

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Re: Vacuous Premise[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#14)
by jam on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 02:49:36 PM PDT

Actually, there's lots of reasons for businesses to lower prices.  Of course, businesses always want to increase profits.  However, sometimes the way to do that is through lowering the customer's price, and then, by selling more.

You see this all the time in gas stations, for example.  By lowering prices, they get more customers, rather than driving them over to the station across town.  Also, when stores have sales on items, that's also lowering the prices--whether they're hoping you'll also buy more expensive items that aren't on sale, or just get more people in the door to buy more product.

Basically, the price of an item really is determined by supply and demand.  Companies can choose where to price the item, and sale however many they can sell at that price.  Then, after subtracting out cost, they get their profit.  In this case, since customers are paying the price already, and there's not a lot of competition in the software market, there's nothing that forces the manufacturers to lower their price.  The fact that companies get more sales due to activation is just a bonus to them.  

If there were more competition, we would definitely see price reduction as a result of things like this.  However, people are reluctant to switch OSs, or other software, for many reasons, all which serve to reduce the competition in the market.

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Software price is unrelated to production cost.[ Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#11)
by Anonymous User on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 01:35:57 PM PDT

You ask "Why isn't any of the money the publishers are presumably saving being passed on to customers in the form of lower prices"? Software Economics 101: The pricing of software has just about zero relationship to its actual cost of production. It is priced at whatever the market will bear. As long as you keep buying it, they have no incentive to lower prices. You want better product at lower prices? Then don't reflexively buy from a convicted and unrepentent monopolist that charges you lots of money for inefficient and un-secure products. Open Office works just fine, by the way.

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Activation isn't about piracy![ Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#12)
by Enoemos on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 02:05:27 PM PDT

Software "activation" isn't about piracy, regardless of what the software companies want you to think. Hacks are available for almost every major software package that requires activation. And, these hacks are mostly being created in the very countries who are responsible for most of that 30%. No, activation allows a software company to discontinue support for older software packages and force the user to upgrade, whether the user wants to or not. Software companies make most of their money on upgrades, not on new sales. If the old package is doing everything the user needs it to do, the user has no incentive to upgrade and won't spend the money. However, if the package stops working, they now have the incentive. Individual users can purchase a different package, but that is impractical for a larger company due to the support and training costs in replacing a major package. So, by requiring activation and then not allowing same on an older package, the software vendor has you over the proverbial barrel. Another problem here is that upgraded packages often delete or change features that some users have come to depend on, and with the old package broken purposefully by the vendor, the user is toast. Activation is EVIL!!

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Activation isn't about piracy![ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#16)
by Anonymous User on Tue Jun 28, 2005 at 04:31:01 PM PDT

Actually, I believe this myself. The (nasty) thought comes to me that the activation process may do a lot more than is being told to the average user. What if it serves as a tool to create a database of all users? Globally? With location/unique id's? IP's? Tied to whatever personal data is gleaned along with the h/w s/w inventory of the machine? Who's to say they aren't (haven't been) doing that? Is there oversight to give us proof? Or just the company's Word?

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