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Licensed, Not Sold

By Ed Foster, Section The Gripelog
Posted on Tue Oct 26, 2004 at 12:39:11 AM PDT

Software publishers generally insist that their products are "licensed, not sold" -- and that they therefore can deprive you of the fair use rights you'd otherwise have with, say, a book or a music CD. But our recent discussions about copy protection have prompted several readers to point out a contradiction in the software industry's way of thnking.


"The recent gripe about DRM in the little kid's game reminded me of an old gripe of mine," wrote one reader. The CD for his kids' favorite game -- a copy-protected Broderbund product that prevented making a backup copy -- had gotten too scratched to load. "I contacted Broderbund and requested to pay to swap media. They said they had no more media and no way for me to recover the game. They would not even provide for a download copy or some other arrangements. The game was a few years old and I had all of the material to prove ownership, but now all I had was a useless CD."

But if the game was licensed, not sold, shouldn't he still have a right to a working copy? "It really drove home that the software companies want the best of both worlds," the reader with the defunct Broderbund CD says. "They claim that they are not selling you the program on the CD but rather licensing you to use the software. When the software becomes unusable, they switch their tune and tell you that you own a physical CD that you have damaged and you no longer have your license to the software."

In another recent discussion about software DRM, an anonymous reader argued that whether products are licensed or sold is still an open question. "The vendors want you to believe this, but there is no precedent case to support it," the reader wrote. "If loss of the activation - or the CD - results in loss of use, then they are NOT licensing it, they are selling it. If it were truly licensed, then they would be responsible for continued service. And shrinkwrap-style licenses -- where you read the terms after you've accepted them -- also negate the legal contractual aspect necessary for a purchase to be a license instead of an outright acquisition. But no one with deep pockets has taken this issue all the way through the legal system to set a precedent one way or the other."

If software is actually licensed, not sold, then the customer's right to use it remains despite damaged media, crashed drives, or malfunctioning DRM. If software transactions are actually an ordinary sale of goods (as many legal experts believe, by the way), then customers' fair use rights must remain intact. One way or the other, software publishers at least should be consistent.

So license or goods -- what do you think? Post your comments below and see what your fellow readers have to say, or write me directly at Foster@gripe2ed.com.

< Comcast Gets Tough on Broadband Customers | Get the Facts on Microsoft Benchmarks >


Display: Sort:
Licensed, Not Sold | 132 comments (132 topical) | Post A Comment
I'll accept either[ Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#1)
by RocDoc on Tue Oct 26, 2004 at 07:39:17 AM PDT

If the publisher wants to lease, then I'll lease -- but I'll expect the same set of rules I find "reasonable and customary" just as if I leased a home or car. I'll expect to have support ON DEMAND as part of the negotiated lease. I'll expect to have IMMEDIATE ACCESS to back up copies of the software. I'll expect the publisher to warrant their work against flaws due to poor workmanship, INCLUDING poor design testing issues. I realize many readers may think I'm living a fantasy with these expectations, so let me qualify my statements: As with any lease, all items are negotiable -- for a fee. I still can vote with my wallet if the publisher does not want to meet my requirements. Thankfully, there are usually many vendors vying for my software dollars and choices are plentiful in MOST cases.

If the publisher wants to sell, then I expect certain benefits as well as certain limitations that come with the sale of an item. This includes paying extra for support, being able to make archive copies of the media INCLUDING activation codes to re-insert after a hard drive failure (no more downloading from the `net), and the right to resell the item for fair market value within the confines of the law.

So, am I just spouting here? Think about leasing. A housing landlord is usually required to maintain major items such as major appliances (water heater, stove, etc) and structure (roof, AC, etc). The lessee is usually required to take appropriate care of the dwelling expected within the limits of customary "wear and tear". A car lease allows me to take the vehicle in for 3,000 mile check-ups, usually at no cost or at reduced cost.

How about purchases? I buy a book. I can read it at home or at work, as long as I don't make a copy of it that can be read simultaneously in two or more places by two or more entities. I can, however, legally make an archive copy of it in case of damage (321 Studios legal wrangling notwithstanding - fodder for a another topic). Once I buy it, I can resell it at a garage sale or on eBay if I no longer use it. Of course, I can't keep my archive copy for use after having sold the original.

These are really the basics. It doesn't have to be harder or more complicated. It is only harder or more complicated when greed takes over.

BTW, no need to drag on a long thread on the correctness of the comparison. Yes, it is comparing apples to oranges. I'm using the analogy to state what I would find as acceptable concepts here. Play nice.

[ Reply to This ]



An addtional thought[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#2)
by RocDoc on Tue Oct 26, 2004 at 07:59:42 AM PDT

The point I'm trying to drive home is that I feel that our publisher's current tactics are, in part, designed to minimize loss of revenue from piracy and unauthorized use. The same situation exists for the entertainment industry. Why isn't book piracy common? Is it because it costs too much to photocopy a book? Is it because it takes to long to scan a book into a computer to recreate copies?

When the publisher addresses those issues by making a product that can be used ONLY by the lessee or owner in accordance with the terms of the lease or sale, then these issues will become moot. Music CD-R is one way the recording industry tried to stem the issue. DRM is another. From the perspective of the consumer, Music CD-R is more successful, while DRM has been nothing short of a mess. Music CD-R technology DID meet the expectations of limiting unauthorized use of the media and medium. DRM has done nothing but create hassles, legal issues, and is likely going to damage the entertainment industry as a whole.

So, what is the answer? Activation schemes? Copy protection mechanisms? Hardware dongles? Biometrics? Laws and enforcement? Trust? I can say "I don't know" the answer, but I can tell you that our current response is NOT working, is NOT acceptable, and the direction that we are heading doesn't look too good from this perspective!

Those who do not learn from history are condemned to repeat it.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]



Book Piracy does exist[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#3)
by Anonymous User on Tue Oct 26, 2004 at 10:20:25 AM PDT

I'm a member of SFWA (The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America), and I can tell you that it's a serious concern for the organization. There are a lot of PDF and plain-text versions of books out there, and it has a lot of SF authors worried. Hell, Harlan Ellison is frothing at the mouth (more than usual, that is) over the issue, and is suing people left, right and center. On a more formal level, SFWA as an organization is making an extensive antipiracy effort -- see the relevant page at their site.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


shades of grey[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#7)
by Anonymous User on Tue Oct 26, 2004 at 11:39:52 AM PDT

An interesting idea. Who would want to read three quarters of a book to discover thirty pages had been duplicated and the corresponding real pages are missing? Actually I am keeping the book (Science Fiction) and maybe someday I will meet the author and get it signed. Should be a real collectors piece then. As far as I can determine, this book I purchased at a big chain bookstore was as produced by the legitimate publisher. In a more serious note, if I were an author, I might very much want to take a wait and see attitude towards this. An author's reputation is one of his or her most important assets. It is an intangible that can be permanently damaged, as can a loss of trust, and an innocent reader mistakingly purchasing a pirated copy that was seriously flawed might mistake it for the work of the author. That reader may then discuss his opinion of the author with others. At that point, the author has to defend him or herself as claiming the reader obtained a pirated copy of the book, and not the real thing. When I purchase a book, it is a thing. If I let it get soaked, I may or may not be able to read the thing. If I purchase a music CD I purchase a thing. I expect it to provide the material I purchased on any CD player and not expect it to break the cd player on my computer. When I own something I expect to be able to do anything I want to with that thing. When I sold my house, I did not expect the new owners to keep the same plants I took so much effort to grow, I sold that. When you sell something, it is sold. That is the whole concept of selling. I refuse to buy any DVDs or CDs with built in self destruct after so many plays or so much time. If a company wants to sell stuff that way, count me out. That being said, I do not have the right to take someone elses work, make copies of it and and sell the work. If I was caught doing that I would expect to have to face the consequences. But you don't have the right to invade my home or computer with the suspicion I am selling copies of a thing, at least not in this country. Obtain a search warrent from a judge first. That is the way our constitution is written. When the last Harry Potter book came out, we purchased five hardbacked copies of the book, and gave some away. I have received DVDs as gifts, and purchased normal CDs. I don't believe any authors or artists have lost revenue because of my copying stuff. I have purchased used books and used CDs. But the original owners of the items no longer have use of them. With virus writers creating zombie machines to distribute stuff, it is almost impossible to guarentee that there is no copyrighted material being distributed from any particular machine. If you really want to do something about this, the ISPs have got to start limiting the junk traffic. If I want port xxxx open for a specific purpose, then either call or better yet write the ISP and document that I asked for the port to be opened. Then you should start seeing some real control of the problems we are experiencing.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


yes[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#41)
by maderikapapa on Fri Jun 27, 2008 at 08:33:03 PM PDT

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[ Parent | Reply to This ]


Book Piracy[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#11)
by Anonymous User on Tue Oct 26, 2004 at 01:38:32 PM PDT

Yup. Book Piracy goes way back before EULA and the printing press. In the days of the pre-Pharoahs, they used to chisel copies of history into stones, later clay tablets, but that was too laborious and space consuming until papyrus was invented. In the dark Ages, they were monasteries with rooms full of Monks transcribing (making copies) of all the books in existence. No one then seemed to complain about copy protection.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


Going medieval[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#12)
by Anonymous User on Tue Oct 26, 2004 at 02:41:38 PM PDT

No one then seemed to complain about copy protection. Until Gutenberg and his press. Even before that, though, books were given "public performances" during lectures, derived from lectum "to read".

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


Book piracy is mainly used to format-shift[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#14)
by Anonymous User on Tue Oct 26, 2004 at 07:04:07 PM PDT

Firstoff, the "shades of grey" thing won't work, because in the world of underground ebooks, most files are "signed" and of known provenance. All that'll happen is that downloaders will pay more attention to where they're getting files from.

Second, the vast majority are not downloaded as pure "theft" but rather as "format shifting" -- a more-portable (or for the visually-impaired, more-readable) copy of a book we already own in dead-tree format. Reading a whole book on a computer screen is just not very appealing if a [normal-sighted] person has a choice, but who wants to haul around an irreplaceable copy of an old and fragile or out-of-print book?

Yeah, occasionally files get used as "free samples", but REAL READERS, the people who BUY most books in the first place (especially SF/F!) are uniformly greedy about owning the real thing. So the net effect is that if the sampled ebook was any good, the author makes a new sale next chance that reader gets, and probably a whole lot of future sales since real readers also tend to be completists. So that illicit download actually functions much like a lending library. You don't lose anything on those who won't buy anyway, and you have a good chance of snagging a new, paying fan. (Just as happens with MP3s, illicit or not ... I know I bought more albums when I had good access to new and different MP3s, than I had in all the rest of my 5 decades.)

Yeah, ideally the author should have control over whether a book gets distributed that way, but the hard reality is that you don't, so why not USE the medium instead of fighting it?

Harlan also froths about how LIBRARIES are theft, so I can't really take his ranting too seriously. I do know that given his behaviour, I don't want ANY of his work in my library, in dead-tree OR digital format.

[Mind you, I own somewhere upward of 10,000 *hardcopy* books; about 80% are SF/F, and the rest are mostly tech references. The main reason for ebooks is because an awful lot of the SF/F are old, fragile, first-editions, or terminally buried in the huge stack of boxed-up books; and because it's damn hard to search a hardcopy tech book for some specific item the author didn't bother to index. Actually, most of the tech ebooks are now being released by the publishers anyway.]

[ Parent | Reply to This ]



I diidn't say I approved[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#17)
by Anonymous User on Wed Oct 27, 2004 at 05:07:27 AM PDT

... In fact, something about the whole program disturbs me deeply; I've just not yet come up with a proper way to verbalize what disturbs me about the plan. When I do, I'll send a letter off to the SFWA Forum. Until then... <shrug>

As for Harlan, well, yeah, he's starting to drift off the far edge of reasonable. But he's just an extreme example from a much larger group. It's kind of sad that so many science fiction writers are feeling threatened by a set of new technologies.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


Why people want e-versions of books[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#31)
by Anonymous User on Sat Nov 20, 2004 at 06:37:22 PM PDT

I've got gigabytes of bootleg scanned and OCRed books on my HD. Reason: So I have access to them when travelling. Anything good I also have a dead-tree version of unless it's out of print.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


yes[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#40)
by maderikapapa on Fri Jun 27, 2008 at 08:32:52 PM PDT

出会い出会い系サイト出会い喫茶出会い掲示板ナンパ出会いカフェ人妻出会い無 009;系サイト優良出会い系攻略 完全無料。アダルトビデオアダルト動画アダルトアニメアダルト画像アダル 488;サイト無料DVDアダルト風俗サンプル無料風俗優良アダルトサイト比較海 806;。人妻画像人妻パラダイス知合い人妻援護会人妻コレクション風 439;告白。熟女画像東京熟女掲示板動画熟女ビデオおまんこオナニーエロ画像エロフラッシュアニメ 456;ロ動画エロゲームエロ漫画無料エロサイト。エッチ画像エッチ動画エッチ小説写真エッチ 450;ニメエッチ0930。セックスアナルセックス画像セックス動画セックスフレンドスワッピングSEX写真セックスボランティセ 483;クス体位東京セックス仕方 SEX。おっぱい画像おっぱい村長おっぱい楽園掲示板お 387;ぱい命おっぱいゲーム。巨乳動画巨乳画像アイドル巨乳 522;示板風俗。セフレ募集セフレ掲示板セフレ画像掲示板セフレの作り方出会い無料素人セフレ。童貞狩りエロ漫画童貞狩り童貞喪失童貞オークション素人童貞逆援不倫パートナー不倫出会い人妻不倫不倫を楽しみたい方にはお薦め 154;妻画像など満載出会いサイトを楽しむならココ無料出会いで一緒に遊ぼう出会いはLOVEアゲインで決まり

[ Parent | Reply to This ]


fvbh[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#49)
by Anonymous User on Wed Oct 22, 2008 at 01:32:14 AM PDT

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[ Parent | Reply to This ]


fgbb[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#53)
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[ Parent | Reply to This ]


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[ Parent | Reply to This ]


Re: Book Piracy Does Exist[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#18)
by tscoff on Wed Oct 27, 2004 at 05:22:09 AM PDT

Yes, people are scanning books and distributing them in both text only and PDF format.  I'll freely admit that I've read several books which I obtained in that format.

However......I also turned around after reading the first book in a series in that format and bought the rest of the series, sometimes including the one which I read illegally, in paperback because I enjoyed the first one.  I would have never bought several of the books which I own if I hadn't read something from the author which I found in text or PDF format first.

Tell me again how I'm hurting those authors by reading their books illegally before buying them?  I'm not, they would have never gotten a sale from me at all if I hadn't read their books illegally the first time.  It's possible and easy to listen to music on the radio in order to decide if I want to buy it, it's much harder to read a book in order to decide if I want to buy it.

[ Parent | Reply to This ]



I'm either...[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#28)
by Anonymous User on Sat Oct 30, 2004 at 09:54:27 PM PDT

...going to buy a book, or not. If I'm not going to buy it, it really doesn't make a difference whether I borrow it from the library, read it in the bookstore (That's an option for us folks who read two pages a minute), or download it and read it.

Likewise, if I'm going to buy it, it doesn't matter if I've read it first...in fact, something like 50% of the books I buy I've already read completely! Another 30% are authors/series I automatically buy.

That leaves maybe 20% being books that look interesting after a few chapters, and I happen to be look at them in a bookstore. Of those, maybe half of them are actually worth it, so if we assume I can magically get any ebook I want at any time, I probably wouldn't purchase maybe 10% of the books I currently purchase.

Of course, authors really have no right to complain about that 10%, because I wouldn't purchase them because they weren't any good. Duh. And this 'piracy' is exactly the same as if I'd happen to pick them up in a library instead of a bookstore, so it's rather hard getting worked up about them. All reading it the first time as a illegal ebook is doing is keeping me from wasting my money.

And when you consider that I immediately turn around and sell those books I don't like to a used bookstore, which, of course, keeps them from selling another new copy of their book, I don't really see how book piracy is hurting them at all, at least WRT me.

Book publishers need to realize (And probably do, but haven't figured out the implications yet.) that there are three kinds of people who purchase their books: Libraries, casual readers, and addicts.

Libraries there's no point in worry about.

Casual readers get a new book every two weeks, and take those two weeks to read it. They aren't even going to bother with illegal copies. Half the time it's to read on the plane or in bed, and ebooks don't work well there. They'll trade the books around when they get done with them, so while they're getting a new book every two weeks, they're buying a book every two months.

Addicts will purchase books randomly, and they will not be satified with ebooks. They will download ebooks, read them, buy the same book, buy other books, buy ebooks, go to the library, buy even more books....you can't stop these people. They might decide to skip the one particular book they read as a ebook, but, so? They'll buy four more books next week.

Book publishers worrying about pirate books is akin to TV shows worrying about fanfic. It might, very very slightly, reduce demand for their product, but the people who actually go to the trouble of reading fanfic are the die-hard fans who will purchase all the DVDs when they come out, and go to a convention, and purchase six licensed books. People who will bother to track down illegal ebooks are the die-hard readers, the 10% of people who purchase 75% of the books.

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Book Piracy[ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#30)
by Anonymous User on Tue Nov 09, 2004 at 06:43:29 PM PDT

Baen Books has a free online library because they've found that downloads promote sales. see http://www.baen.com/library/home.htm

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wholesale jewelry [ Parent | Reply to This ] (none / 0) (#98)
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